Ochratoxin
Ochratoxin is mainly produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium verrucosum, and Penicillium viridicatum during storage. Ochratoxin A is toxic for kidneys and liver (Osweiler and Ensley, 2012). In most of the cases of ochratoxin A toxicity, pigs have low growth rate and poor feed efficiency due to impaired kidney and liver functions. But feed intake is often unaffected (Malagutti et al., 2005). In some cases, the only effect of ochratoxin A toxicity is found at slaughter by the appearance of pale, firm, enlarged kidneys (Stoev et al., 2002). Ochratoxin A contamination is also a concern for human health because pork and pork-derived products may contain ochratoxin residues with carcinogenic potential (Malagutti et al., 2005).